LITTLE P.ENG. FOR ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY SERVICES

In extreme cases, expansion joints may be added to a system in order to increase flexibility when there is insufficient room for a loop....

Stresses due to weight loads acting on a supported pipe can be estimated through the use of beam theory. The simplest method of...

Pressure usually only creates stress in the pipe, rather than loadings on supports/restraints, because pressure loads are neutralized at the cross-section by the tension in the pipe wall. One exception to this is when the pipe is not continuous from anchor to anchor, such that tension is not present in the pipe wall at all locations of the system. (Note that a second exception occurs when the Bourdon effects of pressure are considered. The Bourdon effect is due to the axial e

A pipe having a branch connection is weakened by the opening that is cut in it, so it may be necessary to provide reinforcement to replace the metal removed from the wall thickness at the opening. A typical fabricated tee is shown in Figure 2-2. For fabricated tees, with the angle between branch and header of at least 45°, the area required to replace the area of the opening is calculated as: PRESSURE DESIGN OF BRANCH CONNECTIONS | ASME B31.3 Branch Reinforcement, Fabricated

The first two sections of these pipe stress analysis notes have served to give the user an overview of the requirements of pipe stress...