Meena Rezkallah, P.Eng.Sep 6, 20202 minPiping Stress Analysis3.5.2.3 GapsGap restraints are those restraints which do not touch the pipe upon installation (and therefore are not active), but are close enough to...
Meena Rezkallah, P.Eng.Sep 5, 20202 min3.5.2.2 One-Way RestraintsOne-way restraints are restraints which are active only along half of the range of a specified degree of freedom. The most common...
Meena Rezkallah, P.Eng.Sep 4, 20202 minPiping Stress Analysis3.5.2.1 FrictionFriction may be present whenever the pipe can move, and in the process of moving, rub against a restraint. As noted earlier, the maximum...
Meena Rezkallah, P.Eng.Sep 3, 20201 minPiping Stress Analysis3.5.2 Non-linear EffectsA restraint is said to be non-linear if its response is not constant throughout its entire load range. Examples of non-linear effects are...